Journal: BMC Oral Health

Article Title: Potential of microbial-derived biosurfactants for oral applications–a systematic review

doi: 10.1186/s12903-024-04479-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: Overview of the methods employed and outcomes of studies included in this systematic review

Article Snippet: Farias J.M. et al. [ ] (2019) , Biosurfactant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PB), Bacillus cereus (BB), Candida bombicola (CB) , C. albicans ATCC 1106 S. aureus ATCC 15,656 E. coli ATCC 25,922 L. acidophilus ATCC 4356 S. salivarius ATCC 25,975 S. mutans ATCC 25,175 , Chitosan (extracted from the cell wall of Mucor javanicus (UCP 69)), Peppermint essential oil (POE) , 1. Characterization of biosurfactants 2. Formulation of mouthwash 3. Determination of antimicrobial activity 4. Analysis of fraction inhibitory concentration 5. Evaluation of toxicity of formulated mouthwashes , 1. The biosurfactants obtained from C. bombicola , B. cereus , and P. aeruginosa (respectively designated as CB, BB, and PB) were capable of reducing the surface tension of water from 70 mN/m to 30, 29, and 26.5 mN/m, respectively. 2. The formulation consists of biosurfactant, peppermint essential oil, and chitosan solution (diluted in 1% acetic acid), the solid components (sodium benzoate and sodium saccharine) in a fine powder, followed by distilled water to complete 100 mL. The pH of the formulation was adjusted to 7.0 with NaOH 1 N. 3. The biosurfactant PB was the most effective against S. aureus , E. coli , and S. salivarius (MIC: 20 μg/mL), while PB and CB had similar effects on S. mutans (MIC: 20 μg/mL). All biosurfactants exhibited uniform effects on C. albicans and L. acidophilus (MIC: 40 μg/mL). Combining biosurfactants with chitosan reduced MIC for all microorganisms. When combined with peppermint essential oils, the MIC for C. albicans either increased (CB + POE and BB + POE: 30 μg/mL) or remained the same (PB + POE: 20 μg/mL). The low MIC combination for L. acidophilus (20 μg/mL) was peppermint essential oil with PB. For S. mutans , only CB + POE maintained the biosurfactant’s MIC, with reductions observed in all other combinations. 4. The combinations of the CB and PB with chitosan demonstrated an additive effect on the majority of microorganisms tested and an indifferent effect on E. coli and C. albicans . The combinations of CB and BB with the peppermint essential oil exhibited an additive effect only on the gram-negative bacterium E. coli and an indifferent effect on the other microorganisms tested. 5. The results demonstrate that the test mouthwashes were classified as non-toxic to the fibroblast line, with cell inhibition rates lower than 20%. However, the mouthwash containing the biosurfactant extracted from C. bombicola + peppermint essential oil + chitosan exhibited moderate toxicity to the macrophage line (66% inhibition)..

Techniques: Extraction, Purification, Concentration Assay, Activity Assay, Inhibition, Produced, Bacteria, Formulation, Calcium Carbonate, Foaming, Diffusion-based Assay, Disruption, In Vitro, Antibiofilm Assay, Gene Expression, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, High Performance Liquid Chromatography, Fluorescence, Expressing, Mass Spectrometry, Cell Culture, Cytotoxicity Assay

Journal: Poultry Science

Article Title: Clove essential oil in the sanitation of fertile eggs

doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.07.014

Figure Lengend Snippet: Determination of the antimicrobial activity of clove essential oil against Escherichia coli , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , and Staphylococcus aureus by the disk diffusion method. 1 A-F; a,b Means with different uppercase (bacteria) or lowercase (oil concentration) letters differ significantly ( P < 0.05). Abbreviations: C+, positive control (30 μg of chloramphenicol); C−, negative control (5% DMSO); DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide. 1 Results are expressed as the mean diameter of the inhibition halos in millimeters (mm) for each concentration of clove oil (%) tested.

Article Snippet: This concentration was chosen because it was the lowest concentration of the oil tested in vitro by the disc diffusion method recommended by that showed an inhibitory effect against standard strains of Escherichia coli (ATCC 25,922), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27,853), and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25,923) ( ).

Techniques: Activity Assay, Diffusion-based Assay, Bacteria, Concentration Assay, Positive Control, Negative Control, Inhibition

Journal: Infection and Drug Resistance

Article Title: Phenotypic Detection of Carbapenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacilli from a Clinical Specimen in Sidama, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

doi: 10.2147/IDR.S289763

Figure Lengend Snippet: Modified carbapenem inactivation method (mCIM) to determine carbapenem resistance of gram-negative bacteria from clinical specimens at tertiary care hospital, southern Ethiopia.

Article Snippet: Just before the end of the 4-hour carbapenem inactivation step, a suspension of the mCIM quality control strain ( E. coli ATCC 25,922) with turbidity equivalent to a 0.5 McFarland standard was arranged and the surface of an MHA dish inoculated using the technique for standard disk diffusion susceptibility testing.

Techniques: Modification, Bacteria

Journal: Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications

Article Title: Production of probiotic dark chocolate by alginate-chitosan microcapsules containing protective yeast with potent anti-Salmonella activity

doi: 10.1016/j.carpta.2025.100820

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 2. Antibacterial and co-aggregation activities of the P. kudriavzevii isolate against foodborne bacteria studied. The different lowercase and uppercase letters show significant difference (p < 0.05) among co-aggregation and anti bacterial activities of the isolate, respectively.

Article Snippet: The liquid mixed-culture of each foodborne bacterium (including Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Salmonella enterica ATCC 14,028, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19,115 and Escherichia coli ATTC 25,922), and the selected YI with identical population (106 CFU/mL) was incubated at 28 ◦C for 24 h. Subsequently, surface plating on specific Chromagar media (CHROMagar, Paris, ̂Ile-de-France, France) was used to enumerate viable bacteria (Zarali et al., 2023).

Techniques: Bacteria